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Vancomycin is a cyclic peptide with antibiotic action, obtained by fermentation of the bacterium Amicolatopsis orientalis. It has a spectrum of action restricted to Gram-positive bacteria and is particularly useful against multi-resistant bacteria. Vancomycin is marketed in pharmaceutical formulations suitable for oral administration and intravenous infusion.   Vancomycin – Chemical Structure Directions What is it…

Tigecycline is an antibiotic belonging to the glycylcycline group. Glycylcyclines are molecules that are structurally similar to tetracyclines but which have a glycylamide within their chemical structure. Warnings   Tigecycline – Chemical Structure In patients with pre-existing liver problems, it may be necessary to adjust the dose of tigecycline to be administered. If any type…

Tobramycin is an antibiotic belonging to the class of aminoglycosides which derives from the fermentation of Streptomyces tenebrarius.   Tobramycin – Chemical Structure Tobramycin is available in several pharmaceutical formulations, including nebulizer solutions, inhalation powder, eye drops, ophthalmic ointment, and solutions for intramuscular or intravenous administration. Directions What is it used for The use of…

Sulfasalazine (or sulfasalazopyridine) is a drug belonging to the class of sulphonamides (antibacterial chemotherapy). However, sulfasalazine is not used as an antibacterial, but rather as an anti-inflammatory drug.   Sulfasalazine – Chemical Structure In fact, once taken orally, sulfasalazine undergoes reductive metabolism by intestinal bacteria and is converted into sulfapyridine (a sulphonamide with antibacterial action)…

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics with a tetracyclic structure (composed of four rings with 6 members each), from which the name of the entire class also derives. When we talk about tetracycline we mean la chlortetracycline, which was the first tetracycline discovered way back in 1945 by Benjamin Duggar. Duggar discovered chlortetracycline at Lederle Laboratories while…

TETRACYCLINES In developing bone tissue, tetracyclines can form a stable chelate complex with calcium, which is yellow in color; this formation has not been found to have any undesirable effect in humans, except the aesthetically undesirable effect of the yellowish coloring of the teeth; this can occur especially if the use of tetracyclines occurs during…

Rifampicin is an antibiotic belonging to the class of rifamycins. It is a semi-synthetic compound that derives from rifamycin B, produced by Mediterranean Nocardia.   Rifampicin – Chemical Structure Rifampicin has a bactericidal action (i.e. it is capable of killing bacteria) and is marketed in the form of pharmaceutical formulations suitable for both oral and…

Rifaximin is an antibiotic drug belonging to the class of rifamycins and has bactericidal activity, i.e. it is capable of killing bacterial cells.   Rifaximin – Chemical Structure Rifaximin is a semi-synthetic derivative of rifamycin B, obtained from cultures of Mediterranean Nocardia. Directions What is it used for Rifaximin is used to treat: Furthermore, when…